Descriptive study of suspected congenital Zika syndrome cases during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Brazil

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Clinical and epidemiological data on suspected congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) cases from southern Mato Grosso (MT) in Brazil during the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in 2015-2016 were evaluated. METHODS: This is a descriptive case series study of newborns whose mothers were suspected cases of ZIKV infections during their pregnancies. The medical records of all the suspected CZS cases (mothers and newborns) treated by the specialized ambulatory service from June 2015 to August 2016 were analyzed. RESULTS: Twenty suspected CZS cases were included in these analyses. They were categorized into four groups based on the clinical and laboratory findings: confirmed cases (n=1), highly probable cases (n=13), moderately probable cases (n=5), and somewhat probable cases (n=1). The mothers tested negative for STORCH (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, other infections, rubella, cytomegalovirus infection, and herpes simplex) and other important congenital infections; however, specific ZIKV tests were not performed during the study period. Microcephaly was observed in the majority of these newborns, and all the patients showed altered cranial computed tomography image findings. Extracranial abnormalities such as arthrogryposis, and otological and ophthalmological manifestations were also observed. CONCLUSIONS: Although ZIKV was not confirmed to cause the congenital malformations, this study demonstrated that the clinical and epidemiological findings associated with a STORCH exclusion strengthened the CZS diagnosis. The suspected cases in MT occurred simultaneously with the first CZS cases reported in Brazil, suggesting ZIKV circulation in the study region during the same period.

Infecção por Giardia duodenalis entre crianças em idade escolar no sul do Mato Grosso / Infection by Giardia duodenalis among school-age children in the south of Mato Grosso / Infección por Giardia duodenalis entre niños en edad escolar en el sur del Mato Grosso

Justificativa e Objetivos: A giardíase representa um problema de saúde pública com possibilidade de ocasionar agravos no desenvolvimento físico e mental, particularmente em crianças. Assim, destaca-se a relevância em efetuar a avaliação parasitológica desse público e seus determinantes. Desse modo, essa pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a prevalência e fatores associados à infecção por Giardia duodenalis em crianças matriculadas entre o 1º e 3º ano do ensino fundamental em duas unidades de ensino de um município no sul de Mato Grosso. Métodos: Após o consentimento dos pais e crianças, foram entregues o questionário socioepidemiológico e o coletor universal, contendo solução conservante para a coleta única de amostra fecal, que foi analisada pela técnica de sedimentação espontânea. Resultados: Foram incluídos 60 participantes com média de idade de 7,05 anos e predominância do sexo masculino (53,3%). A prevalência global de enteroparasitas foi de 36,7%, dos quais 54,5% estavam infectados por G. duodenalis. Foi encontrada associação significativa entre a ocorrência dessa infecção e o fato de a criança pertencer à família que declarou não possuir renda financeira (p=0,04). Conclusão: A infecção por G. duodenalis em crianças em idade escolar persiste e está associada à ausência de renda financeira familiar. Tais achados evidenciam a necessidade de melhoria das condições de vida, ações de educação em saúde e tratamento medicamentoso dessa população.(AU)

Background and Objectives: Giardiasis represents a health public problem that may damage the physical and mental development, particularly of children. Therefore, the importance of performing the parasitological evaluation of this population and its determinants is highlighted. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and factors associated with Giardia duodenalis infection in children enrolled between the 1st and 3rd grades of primary education in two educational units in the south of Mato Grosso. Methods: After the consent of parents and children, the socioepidemiological questionnaire and the universal collector containing a preservative solution for the single fecal sample collection were handed out, which were analyzed by the spontaneous sedimentation technique. Results: Sixty participants with mean age of 7.05 years and male predominance (53.3%) were included. The overall prevalence of enteroparasites was 36.7%, of which 54.5% was infected by G. duodenalis. A significant association was found between the occurrence of this infection and the fact that the child belonged to the family that declared not having financial income (p = 0.04). Conclusion: G. duodenalis infection in school-age children persists and is associated with the absence of family financial income. These findings highlight the need to improve this population's living conditions, health education practices, and drug treatment access.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivos: La giardiasis representa un problema de salud pública con posibilidad de ocasionar agravios en el desarrollo físico y mental, particularmente en niños. Así se pone en relieve la importancia en efectuar la evaluación parasitológica de ese público y sus determinantes. De este modo, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo evaluar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la infección por Giardia duodenalis en niños matriculados entre el 1º y el 3º año de la enseñanza básica en dos unidades de enseñanza en un distrito en el sur de Mato Grosso (Brasil). Métodos: Después del consentimiento de los padres y de los niños, se les entregó el cuestionario socioepidemiológico y el colector universal conteniendo solución conservante para extraer una única muestra fecal, que fue analizada por el técnica de sedimentación espontánea. Resultados: Se incluyeron 60 participantes con media de edad de 7,05 años y predominancia del sexo masculino (53,3%). La prevalencia global de enteroparasitas fue del 36,7%, de los cuales el 54,5% estaban infectados por G. duodenalis. Se encontró una asociación significativa entre la ocurrencia de esta infección y el hecho del niño pertenecer a la familia que declaró no tener ingresos financieros (p = 0,04). Conclusión: La infección por G. duodenalis en niños en edad escolar persiste y estuvo esencialmente asociada a la ausencia de renta financiera familiar. Estos resultados evidencian la necesidad de mejorar las condiciones de vida, de contar con acciones de educación en salud y tratamiento medicamentoso para esa población.(AU)

Prevalência de enteroparasitos em crianças de uma unidade de educação infantil municipal de Rondonópolis ­ MT / Prevalence of enteroparasites in children of a municipal infant education unit of Rondonópolis - MT

Objetivos: Este estudo teve como um de seus objetivos avaliar a presença de enteroparasitos em crianças que frequentavam um Centro de Educação Municipal Infantil (CMEI) de Rondonópolis - MT. Métodos: Foram realizadas as coletas das amostras fecais no período de março a maio de 2016 e, posteriormente, analisadas pelo método de Hoffman, Pons e Janer (HPJ) no laboratório de Ciências Básicas da Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, finalizando com um questionário sócio demográfico de fatores de risco para a infecção. Resultados: Entre as 57 crianças pesquisadas, detectou-se positividade para enteroparasitoses em 10 (17,54%) delas, o parasita mais prevalente foi a Giardia lamblia (70%). Em relação ao sexo, a maior positividade das amostras se deu entre crianças do sexo masculino. Conclusão: Os achados dessa pesquisa demonstram que, embora o Ministério da Saúde venha aplicando medidas de controle dos enteroparasitos como o Programa Saúde na Escola, mais medidas deverão ser tomadas, principalmente pelos profissionais de saúde da Atenção Primária. Uma medida simples e eficaz é a educação em saúde executada de forma específica para a conscientização dessas crianças e de seus responsáveis sobre cuidados e higienização para uma melhor qualidade de vida. (AU)

Objectives: This study had as one of its objectives the evaluation of the presence of enteroparasites in children attending a Municipal Infant Education Center (CMEI) in Rondonópolis - MT. Methods: Feces samples were collected from March to May of 2016 and later analyzed by the method of Hoffman, Pons and Janer (HPJ) in the laboratory of Basic Sciences of the Federal University of Mato Grosso, Campus Universitário de Rondonópolis, ending with a Sociodemographic questionnaire and risk factors for infection. Results: Among the 57 children surveyed, 10 (17.54%) of them were positive for enteroparasitoses, the most prevalent parasite was Giardia lamblia (70%). In relation to sex, the greatest positivity occurred among male children. Conclusion: The findings of this research demonstrate that although the Ministry of Health has been implementing measures to control enteroparasites, such as the School Health Program. More actions should be taken, mainly by primary health care professionals. A simple and effective measure is health education to raise awareness of these children and their caregivers about care and hygiene for a better quality of life. (AU)

Dengue epidemiological profile in southern Mato Grosso, Brazil (2008-2012)

Dengue is an arboviral disease that is a serious public health concern, especially due to its increasing incidence in the past decades. This study aimed to characterize the epidemiological incidence of dengue in 2008­2012 in Southern Mato Grosso, Brazil. This is an epidemiological and descriptive study of dengue in the 19 municipalities of the Rondonópolis Regional Health Office using data obtained from the Information System of Diseases Notification. An analysis of the number of confirmed cases of dengue, according to year, age, and gender was performed. Data was associated with the rainfall of the region as well. There were 13,580 reported dengue cases; 2010 had the highest number of cases, with 7,244 dengue cases. In 2011, the number fell dramatically to only 236 notified cases. With regard to age, the most often affected were young adults (20-39 years of age); no difference was noted regarding gender. As expected, dengue cases were higher during the rainy season. In 2009 and 2010, in Southern Mato Grosso, there was a significant increase in the proportion of dengue cases compared with other years during the period evaluated. However, a rapid decline in the subsequent year was noted, possibly because of the intensification of preventive actions in vector control. Interestingly, 2012 presented an increasing number of dengue cases. This fact highlights the importance of actively combating dengue in order to prevent future epidemics.